[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$fjJp36FBqrIDGmEXKCFgBi0YaW1c_jGJhx1ChcH2MTzo":3},{"success":4,"data":5},true,{"id":6,"group_id":7,"locale":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"level":11,"content":12,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"cover_image_url":15,"is_published":4,"created_at":16,"updated_at":16,"type":17,"alternate_urls":18,"examples":19,"quizzes":33},18,"d683684d-f061-4d96-bb70-13396002155c","en","chule-grammar-besides-apart-from-chinese","Mastering 除了 (chúle): Expressing 'Besides' and 'Apart From' in Chinese","HSK 3","## 1. Meaning and Usage\nThe structure \"除了...\" (chúle...) is used to express \"besides,\" \"in addition to,\" or \"except for.\" Its specific meaning depends on the word used after the comma, usually indicating whether the item mentioned after \"除了\" is included or excluded from the main statement.\n\n## 2. Formulas and Examples\n\n### Case 1: Inclusive – \"Besides X, also Y\" \u002F \"In addition to X, S also Y\"\nThis usage indicates that X is included, and there is something else (Y) in addition to X. The common linking words are 还 (hái, also\u002Fstill) or 也 (yě, also\u002Ftoo).\n\n**Formula 1.1: Expressing \"In addition to X, S also Y\"**\n$$除了 X, S + 还\u002F也 + Y$$\n\n> **除了他，我们还有三个人。**\n> *Chúle tā, wǒmen hái yǒu sān ge rén.*\n> Besides him, we also have three other people.\n\n> **除了看电影，我还喜欢听音乐。**\n> *Chúle kàn diànyǐng, wǒ hái xǐhuan tīng yīnyuè.*\n> In addition to watching movies, I also like listening to music.\n\n> **除了中文，她也学了法语。**\n> *Chúle Zhōngwén, tā yě xuéle Fǎyǔ.*\n> Besides Chinese, she also studied French.\n\n### Case 2: Exclusive – \"Except for X, all Y\" \u002F \"S does Y, except for X\"\nThis usage indicates that X is excluded from the general statement, meaning everything *but* X. The common linking word is 都 (dōu, all\u002Fboth). When \"除了 X\" is followed by a negative 都, it means \"none of them (except X)\".\n\n**Formula 2.1: Expressing \"Except for X, all Y\"**\n$$除了 X, S + 都 + Y$$\n\n> **除了周日，我每天都上班。**\n> *Chúle Zhōurì, wǒ měitiān dōu shàngbān.*\n> Except for Sunday, I go to work every day.\n\n> **除了他，所有人都来了。**\n> *Chúle tā, suǒyǒu rén dōu láile.*\n> Except for him, everyone came.\n\n**Formula 2.2: Expressing \"Except for X, S does none of Y\" \u002F \"Except for X, S doesn't do any Y\"**\n$$除了 X, S + 什么\u002F哪儿\u002F谁 + 都 + 不\u002F没 + Y$$\n\n> **除了饺子，我什么都不吃。**\n> *Chúle jiǎozi, wǒ shénme dōu bù chī.*\n> Except for dumplings, I don't eat anything. (I only eat dumplings.)\n\n> **除了北京，我哪儿都没去过。**\n> *Chúle Běijīng, wǒ nǎr dōu méi qùguo.*\n> Except for Beijing, I haven't been anywhere. (I've only been to Beijing.)\n\n## 3. Essential HSK Tips & Common Mistakes\n\n1.  **Distinguish between Inclusive (还\u002F也) and Exclusive (都):** This is the most common mistake for learners. Remember:\n    *   还\u002F也 = \"in addition to\" (X is included)\n    *   都 = \"except for\" (X is excluded)\n    Carefully consider whether the item after \"除了\" is part of the group\u002Faction or an exception to it.\n\n2.  **Placement of \"除了...\":** It can typically appear before the subject or immediately after the subject, but often sounds more natural at the beginning of the sentence.\n\n    > **除了他，我们都同意。**\n    > *Chúle tā, wǒmen dōu tóngyì.*\n    > Except for him, we all agree.\n    > (Correct and common)\n\n    > **我们除了他，都同意。**\n    > *Wǒmen chúle tā, dōu tóngyì.*\n    > We, except for him, all agree.\n    > (Less common but acceptable)\n\n3.  **Using \"以外\" (yǐwài):** You will often see \"除了...以外\" which means the same as \"除了...\" and can be used interchangeably.\n\n    > **除了英语以外，他还会说法语。**\n    > *Chúle Yīngyǔ yǐwài, tā hái huì shuō Fǎyǔ.*\n    > Besides English, he can also speak French.\n\n    > **除了他以外，没有人知道这件事。**\n    > *Chúle tā yǐwài, méiyǒu rén zhīdào zhè jiàn shì.*\n    > Except for him, nobody knows about this matter.\n\n4.  **Negative exclusivity with \"都\":** When used with question words (什么, 谁, 哪儿) + 都 + 不\u002F没, it creates a strong exclusive negative statement, meaning \"none of X\" or \"nothing\u002Fnowhere\u002Fnobody except Y.\"\n\n    > **除了睡觉，我什么都不想做。**\n    > *Chúle shuìjiào, wǒ shénme dōu bù xiǎng zuò.*\n    > Except for sleeping, I don't want to do anything. (I only want to sleep.)\n\n5.  **Don't over-rely on direct translation:** While \"besides\" and \"except for\" are good starting points, always check the context and the linking word (还\u002F也 vs. 都) to determine the precise meaning.","除了 (chúle) Grammar: Learn Chinese 'Besides' & 'Apart From'","Unpack the Chinese grammar particle 除了 (chúle). Learn how to use it to express 'besides', 'apart from', and 'in addition to' with examples and clear explanations.",null,"2026-06-30T15:37:34.309Z","structure",{"en":9},[20,27],{"id":21,"topic_id":6,"source_type":22,"song_id":15,"chinese_sentence":23,"pinyin_sentence":24,"translation":25,"explanation":26,"created_at":16},41,"ai_standard","除了英语，她还会说法语。","Chúle Yīngyǔ, tā hái huì shuō Fǎyǔ.","Besides English, she can also speak French.","This sentence uses '除了...，还...' to indicate that in addition to English, French is another language she can speak (inclusive).",{"id":28,"topic_id":6,"source_type":22,"song_id":15,"chinese_sentence":29,"pinyin_sentence":30,"translation":31,"explanation":32,"created_at":16},42,"除了小明，其他人都到了。","Chúle Xiǎomíng, qítā rén dōu dào le.","Except for Xiaoming, everyone else has arrived.","This sentence uses '除了...，都...' to indicate that Xiaoming is the only exception; everyone else arrived (exclusive).",[34,44,54],{"id":35,"topic_id":6,"question_text":36,"options":37,"correct_answer_index":42,"explanation_answer":43,"created_at":16},52,"请选择最恰当的词语填空：他除了会说中文，_______ 会说流利的法语和西班牙语。",[38,39,40,41],"A. 都会","B. 还没","C. 还","D. 都不",2,"这个句子测试 '除了...还\u002F也...' 的用法，表示在A的基础上，B是额外的补充。句子意为：他除了会说中文，额外地还会说流利的法语和西班牙语。选项C '还' (hái) 正确地表达了这种附加关系。选项A '都会' 和D '都不' 表示排除性，即“除了中文，其他语言都会\u002F都不会”，这与句子的实际含义不符。选项B '还没' (hái méi) 表示“尚未”，不符合语境。",{"id":45,"topic_id":6,"question_text":46,"options":47,"correct_answer_index":52,"explanation_answer":53,"created_at":16},53,"以下哪个句子是语法正确的？",[48,49,50,51],"A. 除了他，公司里谁都不能帮我。","B. 除了他，谁都公司里不能帮我。","C. 除了他，公司里谁不能都帮我。","D. 除了他，公司里不能谁都帮我。",0,"此题考察 '除了...都...' 结构中否定词和疑问代词的正确语序。在 '除了A，B都C' 的排除结构中，如果B是带有普遍意义的否定词（如 '谁'）时，其标准语序是 '谁都不能\u002F没...'。选项A '公司里谁都不能帮我' 结构正确，'谁都不能' 表达 '没有人能' 的意思，'公司里' 作为地点状语修饰动词短语。选项B、C、D的语序都将 '谁都不能' 的部分或 '都' 的位置错乱，导致语法错误。",{"id":55,"topic_id":6,"question_text":56,"options":57,"correct_answer_index":62,"explanation_answer":63,"created_at":16},54,"以下哪个句子有语法错误？",[58,59,60,61],"A. 除了周末，我每天都很忙。","B. 除了北京，他还去过很多地方。","C. 除了他，班上所有同学都很喜欢体育课。","D. 除了他，其他人都很不同意这个提议。",3,"此题考察对 '很' 等程度副词使用范围的辨析。选项D '很不同意' 是一个常见的语法错误。虽然 '很' 可以修饰形容词（如 '很忙'）或一些表达心理状态的动词（如 '很喜欢'），但它通常不直接修饰 '同意\u002F不同意' 这类表示判断或意见的动词。通常会说 '不同意'、'非常不同意' 或 '完全不同意' 来表示程度，而非 '很不同意'。选项A、B、C都符合汉语语法规范。"]